first(); $aslevel = Level::where('name', 'AS Level')->first(); $maths = Subject::where('name', 'Mathematics')->first(); $physics = Subject::where('name', 'Physics')->first(); $courses = [ [ 'subject_id' => $maths->id, 'level_id' => $alevel->id, 'lead_teacher' => "Richard", ], [ 'subject_id' => $physics->id, 'level_id' => $aslevel->id, 'lead_teacher' => "Richard", ], ]; foreach ($courses as $course) { Course::firstOrCreate($course); } } }