$perm, 'guard_name' => 'web']); } // Assign to roles $admin = Role::where('name', 'admin')->first(); $teacher = Role::where('name', 'teacher')->first(); $student = Role::where('name', 'student')->first(); if ($admin) { $admin->givePermissionTo($permissions); // admin gets all } if ($teacher) { $teacher->givePermissionTo(['view dashboard', 'manage courses']); } if ($student) { $student->givePermissionTo(['view dashboard']); } } }